Given the growth of global shrimp farming and its direct link to increased feed demand—and consequently, greater pressure on fish stocks—appropriate feed management strategies have become essential to promote the sustainable development of the production chain. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of partial feed restriction on the culture of Litopenaeus vannamei in a symbiotic system. The following treatments were established: with partial feed restriction (PR), applied until growth curve stabilization, and the control group without restriction (NR), both in triplicate and in a completely randomized design. The study was conducted at the Shrimp Farming Laboratory of the Marine Aquaculture Station (EMA/IO-FURG) in Rio Grande/RS, Brazil. Post-larvae were initially reared in a biofloc nursery system at a density of 1,000 shrimp m⁻² for 42 days. Juveniles (1.67 g ± 0.15) were then transferred to six lined 600 m² ponds at a density of 12 shrimp m⁻², cultured at 20 salinity for 60 days, and fed commercial feed with 35% crude protein. The ponds also received organic fertilization (rice bran-based symbiotic) and inorganic fertilization (urea) throughout the cycle. Parameters such as water quality and consumption, qualitative and quantitative analysis of the microbial community, zootechnical performance, and economic feasibility were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed at a 5.0% significance level. A significant difference was observed in water renewal and replenishment rates, with a 28.6% reduction in the PR treatment. No significant difference was found in phytoplankton and zooplankton analysis. In terms of zootechnical performance, the only difference was in the apparent feed conversion ratio, with values of 0.30 and 0.59 for PR and NR, respectively—representing a 49.3% reduction in feed use in the restricted treatment. In the economic assessment, feed was the only differing cost item, significantly impacting both effective and total operating costs, which were reduced by 21.4% and 20.1% in PR, respectively. A production leveling reduction of 18.6% was also observed in PR. Nevertheless, both treatments showed positive profitability indicators with no significant difference (p > 0.05). Therefore, feed restriction is feasible in the culture of L. vannamei in a symbiotic system under low stocking density, as shrimp showed full compensatory growth, reducing feed conversion without compromising other zootechnical performance parameters. Moreover, it contributed to reduced water renewal rates and operational costs without affecting profitability, making the practice economically viable.