Modulation of Resveratrol and Fumaric Acid in the Energy Metabolism of Penaeus vannamei
Author: Jean Piraine Souza (Currículo Lattes)
Advisor: Dr. Jose Maria Monserrat
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of resveratrol and fumaric acid as modulators of bioenergetic metabolism in fish; however, few studies address this application in crustaceans such as the shrimp Penaeus vannamei, one of the most widely farmed species in the world. In light of this, the present study aimed to explore the effect of resveratrol and fumaric acid supplementation on bioenergetic metabolism and protein utilization efficiency. To this end, two sequential experiments were conducted: a dose-response curve (experiment 1) with five different doses of resveratrol (0, 10, 60, 110, and 160 mg.kg⁻¹), and experiment 2, consisting of four groups: control (C) and fumaric acid (F), using restocked animals from the control group (experiment 1), as well as resveratrol (R) and resveratrol + fumaric acid (RF), using restocked animals from the group that presented the best dose response. For both experiment 1 and experiment 2, the following parameters were quantified: final weight gain (g), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein retention ratio (PRR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) in the carcass. Additionally, analyses of protein concentration, total triglycerides, total cholesterol, glucose, and glycogen in muscle, hepatopancreas, and hemolymph (mg.g⁻¹) were conducted. Results showed that the optimal resveratrol dose-response occurred at 60 mg.kg⁻¹, with higher final weight gain, lower feed conversion ratio, and higher specific growth rate (p<0.05). Furthermore, at 60 mg.kg⁻¹, higher PRR, PER, and increased concentrations of protein and glucose in the muscle were also observed (p<0.05). In experiment 2, the effects of resveratrol were further amplified by its combination with fumaric acid (RF treatment), where the best results were observed for final weight gain, FCR, SGR, PER, PRR, and muscle protein concentration (p<0.05). The glucose concentration data in muscle, hepatopancreas, and hemolymph, along with glycogen concentrations in muscle and hepatopancreas in the 60 mg.kg⁻¹ and RF groups (p<0.05), suggest a determining effect of resveratrol—both individually and in combination with fumaric acid—in promoting greater utilization of dietary carbohydrates compared to triglycerides and cholesterol, which are primarily stored in the hepatopancreas. Therefore, the RF treatment was positively identified as an effective modulator of the bioenergetic metabolism of P. vannamei shrimp.