In recent years, disease outbreaks related to intensive shrimp farming have been observed. To control these outbreaks, the use of probiotics has become an important alternative. Some studies indicate that probiotics help improve the quality of the culture environment, inhibit pathogen growth, and increase shrimp survival and production. Based on this premise, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of using probiotics in the water and sediment of ponds in the cultivation of Penaeus vannamei. The experiment lasted seventy-nine days, involving three treatments with three replicates each, totaling nine experimental units with a useful volume of 1,000 L, stocked with 50 shrimp m⁻² in each unit. The treatments were: shrimp farming without probiotic dosing (CO), shrimp farming with half probiotic dose (L50), and shrimp farming with full probiotic dose (L100). For this, pond sediment from shrimp farming was added at a thickness of 10 cm at the bottom of the experimental units. Sediment samples were collected on stocking day (day zero), mid-experiment (day 25), harvest day (day 49), seven days after harvest (day 56), and fourteen days after harvest (day 63). Samples were analyzed for pH, organic matter, and molar ratios. Physicochemical variables of the water and microbial communities in the water column and sediment were analyzed. Shrimp were measured every fifteen days to determine growth and adjust feed quantity. At the end of the experiment, all shrimp were weighed to determine biomass gain, specific growth rate, final average weight, feed conversion ratio, survival, and productivity. Variance homogeneity and data normality were tested, and ANOVA was used to compare treatments. Treatments L50 and L100 showed better zootechnical performance and a higher concentration of beneficial bacteria compared to treatment CO. It is concluded that the application of the commercial Bacillus spp.-based probiotic in cultivation, regardless of the dose tested, provided better zootechnical performance in shrimp and improved bacterial composition in the sediment.